Advancements in technology have brought about a sea change in the types of people who can build applications. Just a few years back, only highly specialized engineers were able to create software. This was because software engineering was a complex endeavor that required deep technical expertise.

Fast-forward to today, where anyone with any level of programming knowledge can develop full-fledged applications. Software engineering can still be a complex endeavor in certain scenarios, but, today, people with a lower level of technical expertise can create enterprise-grade applications for a large variety of domains.

Starting from your typical, traditional developer to today's non-traditional line-of-business-user, there are several different types of developers, based on their expertise and experience, in the various sectors of software development.

The different types of developers 

Some of the different types of software developers are:

Front-end developers 

The front end is the user-facing part of the application or software, be it a web or mobile app. The front-end developer's task is to design a user-friendly user interface for the application. An ideal user interface should be easy to navigate and free of clutter.

Languages used by front-end developers include JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.

Frameworks used by front-end developers include React, AngularJS, and Vue.js, which are some popular JavaScript-based frameworks.

Back-end developers 

The back end is the server side of the application. It constitutes the logic—the brains—behind a web or mobile app, and consists of the databases, server tech, and other software infrastructure frameworks.

The implementation of the back end is abstracted away from the user. Back-end developers use languages like Java, Python, Ruby, and the Node.js framework, as well as development frameworks like Ruby on Rails (RoR) and Django.

Full stack developers 

A stack in programming means a collection of a:

• Database, for storing, retrieving, and modifying information

• Front-end language

• Back-end language

Full stack frameworks usually contain a variant of JavaScript (a commonly used programming language) libraries, such as Express.js, Node.js, Vue.js, or AngularJS. Most frameworks have MongoDB as their back-end database tech. SQL is another database language.

Some examples of full stack frameworks are:

MEAN stack 

MongoDB
Express.js
AngularJS
Node.js

MERN stack 

MongoDB
Express.js
React
Node.js

MEVN stack 

MongoDB
Express.js
Vue.js
Node.js

Spring Boot (Java) 

A popular Java-based framework

Based upon the choice of framework, a full stack software developer can architect software, leveraging it for their client's requirements. Full stack developers are well versed in one or more of the programming stacks mentioned above.

Front-end, back-end, and full stack developers are people who work primarily on web-based applications.

Besides these three, there are other types of developers, such as data engineers, security developers, machine learning and AI engineers, and mobile developers.

Data engineers 

The growth of the web and software has resulted in the generation and accumulation of large swathes of data from operations being carried out. Data engineers sift through and process these large data sets, aiming to derive actionable insights and perform speculative analysis. They process raw, unfiltered data into actionable information. From this actionable information, predictive insights can be gleaned by data engineers, and customer behavior can be understood.

Security developers 

Protecting confidential customer/stakeholder data is crucial. Data breaches can lead to enormous losses, including loss of privacy. To deter and mitigate this, security developers are tasked with identifying vulnerabilities in applications. It's their duty to ensure that the applications developed have stringent security mechanisms in place and are safe from malicious attempts intended to compromise sensitive stakeholder data. Security developers validate that the code base is secure and free from exploits and vulnerabilities.

Mobile app developers 

Since the dawn of smartphones, the mobile application industry, earlier restricted to a small smattering of applications, has now mushroomed into gigantic application marketplace repositories, as seen in the case of the App Store and Play Store. Mobile application developers engineer applications for the iOS and Android suite of smartphones, tablets, and other smart devices.

Some of the technologies used by mobile application developers are:

• Swift and Objective-C, in the case of Apple's iOS and watchOS

• Android, Java, Kotlin, Android JetPack, and Firebase for Android-based devices

Mobile application developers are in high demand today, because almost everyone has a smartphone in their hands, powered by the applications built on the above platforms.

Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) developers
 

Machine learning developers empower machines with the ability to learn from experience and improve continuously. Expected to be proficient in statistics and linear algebra, ML developers use languages such as Python, and frameworks such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and scikit-learn.

AI developers, on the other hand, focus on granting computers the ability to mimic human intelligence and solve problems independently, without human assistance. Building upon the skills needed for ML, AI developers work on platforms specific to AI software.

ML and AI developers are also in high demand today, with large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Perplexity AI ruling the roost with generative AI.

So we've now seen the different categories of application developers in vogue today. However, there's one special, unique category of developers we still haven't discussed: the line-of-business developer.

Line-of-business developers

The line-of-business developer has no computer programming or software engineering knowledge. They don't know how to engineer functional software, and their technical experience and expertise are also limited.

However, unlike the full stack, back-end, and front-end developers, these types of developers can be a domain or subject matter expert in their respective industries. They can have sharp business acumen and be experts in their field.

With their limited technical expertise, the line-of-business developer can contribute little to the actual development and engineering of complex software. However, it's their domain expertise that differentiates them from the other types of developers.

Expectations from the line-of-business developer 

The line-of-business developer shouldn't be expected to directly develop software. Instead, they should assist tech-savvy developers in developing software through their domain expertise. They provide input, right from the initial requirements-gathering phase till the software is deployed, and even contribute to software maintenance after deployment, by assessing the software's performance and suggesting feature improvements.

How does the line-of-business developer develop apps? 

The line-of-business developer can't code. So is there a way they can still develop applications? Yes.

There are solutions that allow codeless app development—no code/low code platforms. This software offers the ability to develop applications without extensive coding in a specific programming language or going the full stack-development route.

But how is app development done without coding?  

A drag-and-drop interface allows line-of-business developers to translate business requirements into functional applications, simply by dragging and dropping the desired application components onto a canvas. Compared to conventional software development, low-code/no-code platforms have a short learning curve and require only a browser, an internet connection, and a subscription to the platform to be accessed.

Line-of-business developers also have domain experience. Leveraging this, they can architect software applications all by themselves, using the visual development approaches provided by no-code/low-code platforms. This reduces the dependence of line-of-business developers on conventional developers, resulting in a win-win solution for both line-of-business teams and IT teams.

The future of app development  is now

Different technologies mandate different developers to engineer applications. While application development was a complex endeavor a short time ago, with technological advancements like no-code/low-code platforms, today, even users without prior programming experience or expertise can develop full-fledged enterprise grade applications on their own.

This reduces the burden on the IT teams of organizations, who can now focus on more challenging tasks, and simultaneously empower line-of-business users to develop applications for everyday business operations easily, all by themselves.